The Usual Stipulations - Deposition Mythology

medusa.jpg

Every lawyer has heard the phrase “usual stipulations” at their first deposition.  I swallowed a few four-letter words in my stomach the first time I heard the suggested “usual” stips."  Nothing was usual!  This was my first deposition and although I spent a week preparing, I was thrown from my saddle at the outset.

The other lawyers around the table started to nod approvingly at the “usual stips.”  To avoid embarrassment, I nodded along, although I had no idea what I was consenting to.  The stenographer typed away and I, seemingly, avoided a rookie mistake and went on with asking my questions.  I couldn't wait to get back to the office and figure out what the "usual stipulations" were and what I may or may not have agreed to. Turns out, I agreed to nothing and was subjected to a classic Litigation Mythology.

There are no usual stipulations.  Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 29 (a) allows the parties to stipulate that a deposition may be taken “before any person, at any time or place, on any notice, and in the manner specified...”.  No answers there.  Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30 doesn’t use the word “usual” in all the guidance it provides in taking a deposition.  If there is no rule, then there is nothing “usual” about an adversary proposing an unarticulated stipulation before you start a deposition. 

The next time you are asked about the “usual stipulations,” suggest that the deposition will proceed pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Evidence.  Then politely and with complete confidence, ask what stipulations your adversary suggests.

I understand it may vary from state to state and am curious whether there is an actual rule which explicitly references "usual" stips and what they are.

Comments (8)

Read through and enter the discussion by using the form at the end
James Sutterfield - July 29, 2011 9:19 AM

The "usual stipulations" where I practice actually does have meaning. It relates to preserving objections, except as to the form of the question, until the deposition is sought to be used in court, so what may ultimately turn out to be a discovery deposition never used at trial does not needlessly become a battlefield strewn with evidentiary objections. No doubt it is different where Mr. Hayes practices and in other jurisdictions.

Hayes Hunt - July 29, 2011 9:21 AM

Thanks for you comment Jim. Good point. I was referring to federal practice in general, but would like to hear if there are is an actual rule. If not, it is up to the stenographer.

Joseph Ferry - July 29, 2011 9:58 AM

Hahaha. That takes me back a few years.

I actually did ask what they were at my first deposition and was told that all objections except as to the form of the question were waived. And thereafter I always put that on the record, as well.

Notwithstanding that stipulation, deponents' lawyers seemed to be forever making inappropriate objections, following which I would equably instruct the deponent "You can answer", thus creating a thoroughly confusing tableau for the deponent that often resulted in eliciting responses far more revealing and candid than perhaps would have otherwise been the case had deponent's counsel kept his own counsel.

A few years afterwards, Judge Fullam issued his renowned "potted plant" ruling on how deponents' counsel should behave at depositions.

Melissa Brumback - July 29, 2011 11:39 AM

I was warned about "the ususal stips" in a practical skills class right after law school. In general, here in NC they mean all objections are preserved except as to form. However, whatever the court reporter has as "usual" is what prevails.

For my first several depositions, I printed out a copy of a court reporter's stips from previous transcripts, and took it with me in case someone asked me what I had in mind. Good thing, too, since one lawyer asked me what my stips were (mostly to rattle my chain since I was young) and I produced them for him..... he wasn't expecting that!

I've also had counsel sometimes ask the court reporter what her stips were, only to have the court reporter stumble around looking for her "usual". I agree, "usual stips" are really a hazing of sorts of newbie lawyers.

Tony Bocchino - July 29, 2011 1:39 PM

As usual, Hayes's reading of the rules is accurate and right on that pursuant to those rules there are no usual "stipulations" There are, as he points out rules governing depositions with default positions. My experience from long ago was when lawyers agreed to the usual stipulations that the court reporter would write in the stipulations that (s)he thought were usual as matters of stipulation. The best practice is to state the stipulations you want. The stipulation regarding objections is helpful as the rules are unclear as to what objections must be made to be preserved. Although not a matter of stipulation either party or the witness can require the reading and signing of the deposition during which (according to the rules) making clerical and substantive changes with a reason for the change in the deposition is required. The default position of the rules on reading and signing is that absent the demand of any party or the witness, the reading and siogning (and therefore correcting) is waived.

Hayes Hunt - July 29, 2011 1:58 PM

For the From the Sidebar Readers: Tony Bocchino is the co-author of "the book" on deposition practice. Malone, Hoffman and Bocchino, The Effective Deposition - Techniques and Strategies That Work published by the National Institute of Trial Advocacy.

miami litigation attorney - July 30, 2011 1:17 AM

I understand it may vary from state to state and am curious whether there is an actual rule which explicitly references "usual" stips and what they are.

Richard Gould-Saltman - August 1, 2011 9:05 AM

If they're worth stipulating, they're worth reading or reciting, particularly since, it turns out, what you, the other lawyers, and the reporter understand to be "usual" may differ.

My favorite example related to this was a plaintiff's deposition I defended against another So. Cal lawyer, in No. Cal. . I actually RECITED our stipulation, which included relieving "the reporter of her obligation to maintain custody of the original transcript" (that was the law then); the insurance defense guy said "So stipulated"... ... and then the reporter said something line "NO, wrongo! I don't care what you Los Angeles lawyers think you can do, but up here we don't think YOU can stipulate to relieve ME of an obligation under the statute, and so I will NOT be forwarding the original to counsel for the deponent to maintain custody! "

Post a comment

Fill out this form to add a comment to the discussion
I'd like to leave a comment. is
,
is
,
is
is